Manuel l quezon biography powerpoint 2nd
Manuel L. Quezon
President of the State from 1935 to 1944
Manuel L. Quezon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Quezon in 1942 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 15 November 1935 – 1 Venerable 1944 Serving with Jose P. Laurel (1943–1944)[a] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vice President | Sergio Osmeña | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Emilio Aguinaldo Frank Murphy (as Governor-General) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 16 July 1941 – 11 December 1941 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| President | Himself | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Teófilo Sison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Jorge B.
Vargas | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acting | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 12 October 1939 – 4 November 1939 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vice Mayor | Vicente Fragante | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Position established | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Tomas Morato | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 1 December 1938 – 19 April 1939 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| President | Himself | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Sergio Osmeña | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Jorge Bocobo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Born | Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina (1878-08-19)19 August 1878 Baler, Detest Príncipe, Nueva Écija, Captaincy Typical of the Philippines, Spanish Nosh-up Indies (now Baler, Aurora, Philippines) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Died | 1 August 1944(1944-08-01) (aged 65) Saranac Lake, Novel York, U.S. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cause of death | Tuberculosis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Resting place | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Political party | Nacionalista (1907–1944) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spouse | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Children | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Relatives | Manuel L.
Quezon III (grandson) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Education | Colegio excise San Juan de Letran | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alma mater | University of Santo Tomas | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina[b]GCGHKGCR (, , Tagalog:[maˈnwelluˈisˈkɛson], Spanish:[maˈnwelˈlwisˈkeson]; 19 August 1878 – 1 August 1944), as well known by his initials MLQ, was a Filipino lawyer, member of parliament, soldier, and politician who was president of the Commonwealth virtuous the Philippines from 1935 in the balance his death in 1944.
Pacify was the first Filipino get through to head a government of representation entire Philippines and is thoughtful the second president of goodness Philippines after Emilio Aguinaldo (1899–1901), whom Quezon defeated in say publicly 1935 presidential election. He survey often regarded as the unchanging President of the Philippines, unacceptable the quintessential Filipino statesman.
During his presidency, Quezon tackled integrity problem of landless peasants. Fear major decisions included the rectification of the islands' military answer, approval of a recommendation symbolize government reorganization, the promotion break into settlement and development in Island, dealing with the foreign throttlehold on Philippine trade and ocupation, proposals for land reform, present-day opposing graft and corruption in jail the government.
He established unblended government in exile in interpretation U.S. with the outbreak stop World War II and nobility threat of Japanese invasion. Scholars have described Quezon's leadership translation a "de factodictatorship"[2] and ostensible him as "the first State politician to integrate all levels of politics into a action of power" after removing wreath term limits as president bear turning the Senate into arrive extension of the executive past as a consequence o constitutional amendments.[3]
In 2015, the Game table of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation bestowed a posthumous Wallenberg Medal on Quezon and high-mindedness people of the Philippines house reaching out to victims a variety of the Holocaust from 1937 walkout 1941.
President Benigno Aquino Triad and then-94-year-old Maria Zenaida Quezon-Avanceña, the daughter of the prior president, were informed of that recognition.[4]
Early life and education
Quezon was born on 19 August 1878 in Baler in the sector of El Príncipe,[5] then authority capital of Nueva Ecija (now Baler, Aurora).
His parents were Lucio Quezon y Vélez (1850–1898) and María Dolores Molina (1840–1893).[6] Both were primary-school teachers, conj albeit his father was a give up work sargento de Guardia Civil (sergeant of the Civil Guard).
According to historian Augusto de Viana in his timeline of Baler, Quezon's father was a Chinesemestizo who came from the Parián (a Chinatown outside Intramuros) fake Paco, Manila.
He spoke Romance in the Civil Guard squeeze married María, who was capital Spanishmestiza born of Spanish ecclesiastic Jose Urbina de Esparragosa; Urbina arrived in Baler from Esparragosa de la Serena, Cáceres Patch, Spain in 1847 as illustriousness parish priest.[7] Quezon is Asiatic mestizo surname originally from uncluttered Spanish romanization of Hokkien Sinitic, possibly from the Hokkien expression, Chinese: 雞孫; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke-sun Time koe-sun, with Chinese: 雞; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke meaning "outer city" referee "strongest" and Chinese: 孫; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sun meaning "grandson";[8][9] many Indigene surnames that end with “on”, “son”, and “zon” are time off Chinese origin, Hispanized version draw round 孫 (sun).[10]
He later boarded livid the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, where he label from secondary school in 1894.[11]
In 1899, Quezon left his find fault with studies at the University designate Santo Tomas to join justness Filipino war effort, and coupled the Republican army during ethics Philippine–American War.
He was alteration aide-de-camp to Emilio Aguinaldo.[12] Quezon became a major, and fought in the Bataan sector. Abaft surrendering in 1900,[13] he shared to university and passed dignity bar examination in 1903.[14]
Quezon fake for a time as unembellished clerk and surveyor, entering administration service as treasurer for Island and (later) Tayabas.
He became a municipal councilor of Lucena, and was elected governor dead weight Tayabas in 1906.[15]
Congressional career
House addict Representatives (1907–1916)
Quezon was elected squeeze 1907 to represent Tayabas's Ordinal district in the first Filipino Assembly (which later became high-mindedness House of Representatives) during depiction 1st Philippine Legislature, where loosen up was majority floor leader take chairman of the committees shoot rules and appropriations.
Quezon resonant the U.S. House of Representatives during a 1914 discussion dig up the Jones Bill that put your feet up received most of his principal education at the village secondary established by the Spanish management as part of the Philippines' free public-education system.[16] Months previously his term ended, he gave up his seat at depiction Philippine Assembly upon being prescribed as one of the Philippines' two resident commissioners.
Serving bend over terms from 1909 to 1916, he lobbied for the transition of the Philippine Autonomy Free from anxiety (the Jones Law).[11]
Senate (1916–1935)
Quezon mutual to Manila in 1916, extremity was elected senator from high-mindedness Fifth Senatorial District. He was later elected Senate President mount served continuously until 1935 (19 years), the longest tenure crate history until Senator Lorenzo Tañada's four consecutive terms (24 grow older, from 1947 to 1972).
Quezon headed the first independent life work to the U.S. Congress detect 1919, and secured passage firm footing the Tydings–McDuffie Act in 1934.[17]
Rivalry with Osmeña
See also: 1922 Filipino Senate elections § Quezon-Osmeña spilt, additional 1921 financial crisis of excellence Philippines
In 1921, Quezon made regular public campaign against House Orator Sergio Osmeña accusing him promote to being an autocratic leader contemporary blamed him for the Filipino National Bank's financial mess.
Both Osmeña and Quezon debated convert this until 1922. As skilful result, the Nationalista Party was split into two. Quezon additionally resigned as Senate President wander same year in January.[18]
In 1922, he became leader of prestige Nacionalista Party alliance Partido Nacionalista-Colectivista.[17]
In 1933, both Quezon and Osmeña clashed regarding the ratification outline the Hare–Hawes–Cutting bill in authority Philippine Legislature.[19][20]
Administration and cabinet
Main article: List of cabinets of character Philippines § Manuel L.
Quezon (1935–1944)
First term (1935–1941)
In 1935, Quezon won the Philippines' first national statesmanly election under the Nacionalista Cocktail. He received nearly 68 proportionality of the vote against her majesty two main rivals, Emilio Aguinaldo and Gregorio Aglipay. Quezon, inaugurated on November 15, 1935,[22] research paper recognized as the second Vice-president of the Philippines.
In Jan 2008, however, House Representative Rodolfo Valencia (Oriental Mindoro–1st) filed a-okay bill seeking to declare Popular Miguel Malvar the second Filipino President; Malvar succeeded Aguinaldo alter 1901.[23]
Supreme Court appointments
Under the Shake-up Act, Quezon was given rendering power to appoint the have control over all-Filipino cabinet in 1935.
Do too much 1901 to 1935, a Land was chief justice but important Supreme Court justices were Americans. Complete Filipinization was achieved accelerate the establishment of the Country of the Philippines in 1935. Claro M. Recto and José P. Laurel were among Quezon's first appointees to replace prestige American justices.
Membership in distinction Supreme Court increased to 11: a chief justice and large associate justices, who sat en banc or in two divisions of five members each.
Government reorganization
To meet the demands appropriate the newly-established government and agree with the Tydings-McDuffie Act folk tale the Constitution, Quezon, – true dealings his pledge of "more administration and less politics," – initiated a organization of the government.[24] He implanted a Government Survey Board pause study existing institutions and, inconvenience light of changed circumstances, be necessary recommendations.[24]
Early results were for with the revamping of decency executive department; offices and bureaus were merged or abolished, brook others were created.[24] Quezon successive the transfer of the Filipino Constabulary from the Department conduct operations the Interior to the Office of Finance.
Other changes were made to the National Fend for, Agriculture and Commerce, Public Contortion and Communications, and Health delighted Public Welfare departments.[24]
New offices post boards were created by chief executive officer order or legislation.[24] Among these were the Council of Countrywide Defense,[25] the Board of Public Relief,[26] the Mindanao and Sulu Commission, and the Civil Chartering Board of Appeals.[24][27]
Social-justice program
Pledging hitch improve the conditions of high-mindedness Philippine working class and enthusiastic by the social doctrines discovery Pope Leo XIII and Vicar of christ Pius XI and treatises bypass the world's leading sociologists, Quezon began a program of communal justice introduced with executive grooming and legislation by the Genetic Assembly.[24] A court for developed relations was established to mediated disputes, minimizing the impact chuck out strikes and lockouts.
A minimum-wage law was enacted, as convulsion as a law providing clean up eight-hour workday and a lease law for Filipino farmers. Honourableness position of public defender was created to assist the poor.[24]
Commonwealth Act No. 20 enabled Quezon to acquire large, occupied estates to re-appropriate their lots instruct homes at a nominal rate and under terms affordable by means of their residents; one example was the Buenavista estate.
He too began a cooperative system remind agriculture among owners of birth subdivided estates to increase their income.[24][28] Quezon desired to sign the constitutional mandate on picture promotion of social justice.[24]
Economy
When nobility Commonwealth was created, its cost-cutting was stable and promising.[24] Add-on foreign trade peaking at ₱400 million, the upward trend in employment resembled a boom.
Export crops were generally good and, cover for tobacco, were in lighten demand. The value of Filipino exports reached ₱320,896,000, the pre-eminent since 1929.[24]
Government revenue in 1936 was ₱76,675,000 (equivalent to ₱34,858,669,716 close in 2021), compared to the 1935 revenue of ₱65,000,000 (equivalent to ₱28,793,209,590 in 2021).
Government companies, prep also except for for the Manila Railroad Bevy, earned profits. Gold production accrued about 37 percent, iron all but doubled, and cement production add-on by about 14 percent.[24]
The pronounce had to address some monetary problems, however,[24] and the Public Economic Council was created.
Pass advised the government about vulgar and financial questions, including representation promotion of industries, diversification recompense crops and enterprises, tariffs, levy, and formulating an economic promulgation in preparation for eventual independence.[24] The National Development Company was reorganized by law, and class National Rice and Corn Business (NARIC) was created with top-hole ₱4 million budget.[24]
Upon the recommendation be more or less the National Economic Council, rural colonies were established in Koronadal, Malig, and other locations instruct in Mindanao.
The government encouraged retreat and settlement in the colonies.[24] The Agricultural and Industrial Dance was established to aid petite farmers with convenient loans forward affordable terms.[29] Attention was remunerative to soil surveying and prestige disposition of public land.[24]
Land reform
See also: Land reform in ethics Philippines
When the commonwealth government was established, Quezon implemented the Fee Share Tenancy Act of 1933 to regulate share-tenancy contracts brush aside establishing minimum standards.[30][31] The perfect provided a better tenant-landlord bond, a 50–50 sharing of nobility crop, regulation of interest esteem 10 percent per agricultural assemblage, and protected against arbitrary elimination by the landlord.[30] Because attack a major flaw in excellence act, however, no petition pick up apply it was ever presented.[30]
The flaw was that it could be used only when significance majority of municipal councils pointed a province petitioned for it.[30] Since landowners usually controlled much councils, no province ever by choice that the law be managing.
Quezon ordered that the confrontation be mandatory in all Principal Luzon provinces.[30] However, contracts were good for only one year; by refusing to renew their contract, landlords could eject tenants. Peasant organizations clamored in conceited for a law which would make a contract automatically renewable as long as tenants downright their obligations.[30] The act was amended to eliminate this escape in 1936, but it was never carried out; by 1939, thousands of peasants in Median Luzon were threatened with eviction.[30] Quezon's desire to placate both landlords and tenants pleased neither.
Thousands of tenants in Vital Luzon were evicted from their farmlands by the early Decennary, and the rural conflict was more acute than ever.[30]
During greatness Commonwealth period, agrarian problems persisted.[30] This motivated the government give out incorporate a social-justice principle come across the 1935 Constitution.
Dictated moisten the government's social-justice program, divestment of estates and other landholdings began. The National Land Conformity Administration (NLSA) began an neat settlement of public agricultural property property law. At the outbreak of greatness Second World War, settlement areas covering over 65,000 hectares (250 sq mi) had been established.[30]
Educational reforms
With king Executive Order No.
19, out of date 19 February 1936, Quezon coined the National Council of Edification. Rafael Palma, former president addict the University of the State, was its first chairman.[24][32] Corroborate from the early Residence Label Law were devoted to persistence public schools throughout the realm and opening many more.
Beside were 6,511 primary schools, 1,039 intermediate schools, 133 secondary sit special schools, and five inferior colleges by this time. enrollment was 1,262,353, with 28,485 teachers. The 1936 appropriation was ₱14,566,850 (equivalent to ₱6,622,510,766 in 2021).[24] Private schools taught over 97,000 students, and the Office rule Adult Education was created.[24]
Women's suffrage
Quezon initiated women's suffrage during greatness Commonwealth era.[33] As a realize of prolonged debate between proponents and opponents of women's ballot, the constitution provided that blue blood the gentry issue be resolved by squad in a plebiscite.
If favor least 300,000 women voted get to the right to vote, title would be granted. The poll was held on 30 Apr 1937; there were 447,725 positive votes, and 44,307 opposition votes.[33]
National language
The Philippines' national language was another constitutional question. After neat as a pin one-year study, the Institute admire National Language recommended that Philippine be the basis for straight national language.
The proposal was well-received, despite the fact range director Jaime C. de Veyra was Waray, this is since Baler, Quezon's birthplace, is neat as a pin native Tagalog-speaking area.
In Dec 1937, Quezon issued a communication approving the institute's recommendation suffer declaring that the national utterance would become effective in brace years.
With presidential approval, greatness INL began work on efficient Tagalog grammar text and dictionary.[33]
Visits to Japan (1937–1938)
As Imperial Gild encroached on the Philippines, Quezon antagonized neither the American dim the Japanese officials. He traveled twice to Japan as presidentship, from 31 January to 2 February 1937 and from 29 June to 10 July 1938, to meet with government corridors of power.
Quezon emphasized that he would remain loyal to the Unified States, assuring protection of say publicly rights of the Japanese who resided in the Philippines. Quezon's visits may have signalled class Philippines' inclination to remain unaffiliated in the event of dexterous Japanese-American conflict if the U.S. disregarded the country's concerns. [34]
Council of State expansion
In 1938, Quezon expanded the Council of Speak in Executive Order No.
144.[33][35] This highest of advisory begrudging to the president would break down composed of the President, Walk President, Senate President, House Chatterbox, Senate President pro tempore, The boards Speaker pro tempore, the largest part floor leaders of both designer of Congress, former presidents, deliver three to five prominent citizens.[33]
1938 midterm election
Main article: 1938 Filipino legislative election
The elections for distinction Second National Assembly were taken aloof on 8 November 1938 bring round a new law which legal block voting[36] and favored dignity governing Nacionalista Party.
As scheduled, all 98 assembly seats went to the Nacionalistas. José Yulo, Quezon's Secretary of Justice running away 1934 to 1938, was first-class speaker.
The Second National Circle intended to pass legislation addition the economy, but the In a tick World War clouded the horizon; laws passed by the Greatest National Assembly were modified take aim repealed to meet existing realities.[37][38] A controversial immigration law which set an annual limit have a high opinion of 50 immigrants per country,[39] particularly affecting Chinese and Japanese nationals escaping the Sino-Japanese War, was passed in 1940.
Since righteousness law affected foreign relations, move on required the approval of ethics U.S. president. When the 1939 census was published, the Civil Assembly updated the apportionment forfeit legislative districts; this became honesty basis for the 1941 elections.
1939 plebiscite
On 7 August 1939, the United States Congress enacted a law in accordance explore the recommendations of the Closure Preparatory Commission on Philippine Liaison.
Because the new law obligatory an amendment of the Turn appended to the Constitution, dinky plebiscite was held on 24 August 1939. The amendment acknowledged 1,339,453 votes in favor, dowel 49,633 against.[33]
Third official language
Quezon difficult established the Institute of Civil Language (INL) to create capital national language for the declare.
On 30 December 1937, establish Executive Order No. 134, take action declared Tagalog the Philippines' nationwide language; it was taught bear hug schools during the 1940–1941 learned year. The National Assembly subsequent enacted Law No. 570, manufacture the national language an endorsed language with English and Spanish; this became effective on 4 July 1946, with the conclusion of the Philippine Republic.[33][40]
1940 plebiscites
Main article: 1940 Philippine constitutional plebiscites
With the 1940 local elections, plebiscites were held for proposed amendments to the constitution about smashing bicameral legislature, the presidential nickname (four years, with one re-election, and the establishment of rest independent Commission on Elections.
Position amendments were overwhelmingly ratified. Orator José Yulo and Assemblyman Dominador Tan traveled to the Collective States to obtain President Printer D. Roosevelt's approval, which they received on 2 December 1940. Two days later, Quezon certified the amendments.
Quezon was first barred by the Philippine essay from seeking re-election.
In 1940, however, a constitutional amendment was ratified which allowed him be obliged to serve a second term point in 1943. In the 1941 presidential election, Quezon was re-elected over former SenatorJuan Sumulong get together nearly 82 percent of glory vote. He was inaugurated fend for December 30, 1941 at greatness Malinta Tunnel in Corregidor.[41] Nobleness oath of office was administered by Chief Justice of influence Supreme Court of the PhilippinesJosé Abad Santos.
Corregidor was elect as the venue of illustriousness inauguration and temporary seat freedom the government in-exile to unkindness refuge from the uninterrupted Altaic bombing raids during the Asiatic invasion.[42]
Second term (1941–1944)
Pre-war activity
As crises mounted in the Pacific, prestige Philippines prepared for war.
Panchu arunachalam deat video gamesYouth military training under Popular Douglas MacArthur was intensified. Significance first blackout practice was engaged on the night of 10 July 1941 in Manila. Control aid was taught in depreciation schools and social clubs. Quezon established the Civilian Emergency Governance (CEA) on 1 April 1941, with branches in provinces captain towns.[43] Air-raid drills were extremely held.
Jewish refugees
In cooperation snatch U.S. High CommissionerPaul V. McNutt, Quezon facilitated the entry inspiration the Philippines of Jewish refugees fleeing fascist regimes in Collection and took on critics who were convinced by propaganda put off Jewish settlement was a danger to the country.[44][45][46] Quezon scold McNutt proposed 30,000 refugee families on Mindanao and 30,000-40,000 refugees on Polillo.
Quezon made a- 10-year loan to Manila's Mortal Refugee Committee of land local to his family home bill Marikina to house homeless refugees in Marikina Hall (the current Philippine School of Business Administration), which was dedicated on 23 April 1940.[47]
Government in exile
Main article: Government in exile of character Commonwealth of the Philippines
After depiction Japanese invasion of the Country during World War II,[48] Quezon evacuated to Corregidor (where appease was inaugurated for his second-best term) and then to rendering Visayas and Mindanao.
At authority invitation of the U.S. government,[49] he was evacuated to Australia,[50] and then to the Concerted States. Quezon established the Democracy government in exile, with tog up headquarters in Washington, D.C. Smartness was a member of ethics Pacific War Council, signed high-mindedness United Nations declaration against grandeur Axis powers and wrote The Good Fight, his autobiography.[33]
To look government business in exile, Quezon hired the entire floor game one wing of the Shoreham Hotel to accommodate his kinsfolk and his office.
Government aegis were established at the domicile of Philippine Resident Commissioner Joaquin Elizalde, who became a associate of Quezon's wartime cabinet. Regarding cabinet appointees were Brigadier-General Carlos P. Romulo as Secretary racket the Department of Information title Public Relations and Jaime Hernandez as Auditor General.[33]
Sitting under spiffy tidy up canvas canopy outside the Malinta Tunnel on 22 January 1942, Quezon heard a fireside discuss during which President Roosevelt articulated that the Allied forces were determined to defeat Berlin endure Rome, followed by Tokyo.
Quezon was infuriated, summoned General General and asked him if loftiness U.S. would support the Philippines; if not, Quezon would answer to Manila and allow in the flesh to become a prisoner explain war. MacArthur replied that on condition that the Filipinos fighting the Asian learned that he returned helter-skelter Manila and became a Altaic puppet, they would consider him a turncoat.[51]
Quezon then heard on the subject of broadcast by former president Emilio Aguinaldo urging him and coronet fellow Filipino officials to knuckle under to superior Japanese forces.
Quezon wrote a message to Writer saying that he and queen people had been abandoned saturate the U.S. and it was Quezon's duty as president longing stop fighting. MacArthur learned bother the message, and ordered Older General Richard Marshall to feedback it with American propaganda whose purpose was the "glorification bear witness Filipino loyalty and heroism".
On 2 June 1942, Quezon addressed excellence United States House of Representatives about the necessity of relieving the Philippine front.
He sincere the same to the Council, urging the senators to carry on the slogan "Remember Bataan". Discredit his declining health, Quezon cosmopolitan across the U.S. to jog one`s memory the American people about primacy Philippine war.[33]
Wartime
Quezon broadcast a relay message to Philippine residents break through Hawaii, who purchased ₱4 trillion worth of war bonds, quota his first birthday celebration timetabled the United States.[33] Indicating probity Philippine government's cooperation with depiction war effort, he offered representation U.S.
Army a Philippine foot regiment which was authorized make wet the War Department to on the move in California. Quezon had integrity Philippine government acquire Elizalde's yacht; renamed Bataan and crewed surpass Philippine officers and sailors, dynamic was donated to the Allied States for use in birth war.[33]
In early November 1942, Quezon conferred with Roosevelt on unornamented plan for a joint authorization to study the post-war Filipino economy.
Eighteen months later, greatness United States Congress passed propose act creating the Philippine Rejuvenation Commission.[33]
Quezon-Osmeña impasse
By 1943, the Filipino government in exile was lie with a crisis.[33] According make somebody's acquaintance the 1935 constitution, Quezon's outline would expire on 30 Dec 1943 and Vice-President Sergio Osmeña would succeed him as chairman.
Osmeña wrote to Quezon advisory him of this, and Quezon issued a press release reprove wrote to Osmeña that elegant change in leadership would befall unwise at that time. Osmeña then requested the opinion cataclysm U.S. Attorney GeneralHomer Cummings, who upheld Osmeña's view as in agreement with the law. Quezon remained adamant, and sought President Roosevelt's decision.
Roosevelt remained aloof evade the controversy, suggesting that high-mindedness Philippine officials resolve the impasse.[33]
Quezon convened a cabinet meeting work stoppage Osmeña, Resident CommissionerJoaquín Elizalde, Brigadier General Carlos P. Romulo essential his cabinet secretaries, Andrés Soriano and Jaime Hernandez.
After capital discussion, the cabinet supported Elizalde's position in favor of nobleness constitution, and Quezon announced circlet plan to retire in California.[33]
After the meeting, Osmeña approached Quezon and broached his plan happening ask the United States Hearing to suspend the constitutional commissariat for presidential succession until aft the Philippines had been liberated; this legal way out was agreeable to Quezon and sovereignty cabinet, and steps were disused to carry out the bid.
Sponsored by Senator Tydings illustrious Congressman Bell, the resolution was unanimously approved by the Mother of parliaments on a voice vote impressive passed the House of Representatives by a vote of 181 to 107 on 10 Nov 1943.[33] He was inaugurated mention the third time on Nov 15, 1943 in Washington, D.C. The oath of office was administered by US Associate JusticeFelix Frankfurter.[53]
Death and burial
Quezon had complex tuberculosis and spent his endure years in hospitals, including splendid Miami Beach Army hospital persuasively April 1944.[54] That summer, crystal-clear was at a cure house in Saranac Lake, New Royalty.
Quezon died there at 10:05 a.m. ET on 1 August 1944, at age 65. His cadaver were initially buried in City National Cemetery, but his intent was brought by former Governor-General and High Commissioner Frank Tater aboard the USS Princeton and re-interred in the Manila North Graveyard on 17 July 1946.[55] Those were then moved to unembellished miniature copy of Napoleon's tomb[56] at the Quezon Memorial Temple in Quezon City, on 1 August 1979.[57]
Electoral history
Personal life
Quezon was married to his first relative, Aurora Aragón Quezon, on 17 December 1918.
They had brace children: María Aurora "Baby" Quezon (23 September 1919 – 28 April 1949), María Zenaida "Nini" Quezon-Avanceña (9 April 1921 – 12 July 2021), Luisa Corazón Paz "Nenita" Quezon (17 Feb – 14 December 1924) stall Manuel L. "Nonong" Quezon, Jr. (23 June 1926 – 18 September 1998).[58] His grandson, Manuel L.
"Manolo" Quezon III (born 30 May 1970), a scribe and former undersecretary of magnanimity Presidential Communications Development and Important Planning Office, was named sustenance him.
Awards and honors
The Nonnative Orders, Medals and Decorations admire President Manuel L. Quezon: