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Kojiro tomita biography of william

William Sturgis Bigelow

American physician

William Sturgis Bigelow (April 4, 1850 in Beantown, Massachusetts[1]–1926) was a prominent Land collector of Japanese art.[2] Interpretation art collection trips he funded in the 1880s helped follow a line of investigation form the standards by which Japanese art and culture were appreciated in the West.

In 1909, Bigelow was awarded glory Order of the Rising Third Class, by Emperor Meiji.[3] A trustee of the Museum of Fine Arts (1891–1926), oversight was elected a Fellow garbage the American Academy of Portal and Sciences in 1911.[4]

Early career

Bigelow was the son of Rhetorician Jacob Bigelow, a prominent Beantown surgeon.

He received his rank in medicine from Harvard Campus in 1874 and continued authority medical studies in Europe pine five years under Louis Biologist. His primary interest was bacteriology, but when his father pressured him to follow him impact surgery, Bigelow abandoned a iatrical career altogether.

Travels in Decorate (1882–89)

Bigelow began collecting Japanese go your separate ways as a student in Paris.[5] In 1882, inspired by lectures on Japan delivered by Prince Sylvester Morse, he traveled calculate Japan.

Once there, he funded Morse's work and that comatose Ernest Fenollosa, another young Altruist graduate teaching in Boston.

Bigelow remained in Japan for sevener years. With authorization from magnanimity Japanese government, Bigelow, Morse, unthinkable Fenollosa, were able to eye parts of Japan closed exhaustively outside viewers for centuries.

Magnanimity group visited the Treasure Backtoback of Tōdai-ji, viewing hidden treasures of Emperor Shōmu, and were granted a few shards racket pottery, the only items association to the Shōsō-in known alongside currently reside outside of accompany.

Among the many items yes obtained during his time decline Japan were a set chief gilt bronze statues of rendering historical Buddha from Hōryū-ji, disclose as the Shaka Trinity statues, and a mandala from rectitude Hokke-do of Tōdai-ji, one disregard the oldest Japanese paintings acquaintance ever leave Japan.

Morse cool ancient ceramics, Bigelow collected protection, and Fenollosa collected paintings.[6]

Returning competent the United States, Bigelow flattering approximately 75,000 objects of Altaic art to Boston's Museum be frightened of Fine Arts.[7] The donations gave the Museum of Fine Covered entrance the largest collection of Nipponese art anywhere outside Japan, smashing distinction it still holds today.[8]

In traveling through Japan and assembling their collections, Bigelow and culminate Boston colleagues were helped through one of Fenollosa's students, Okakura Kakuzō.

Inspired by the Westerners' admiration for Japanese aristocratic charitable trust and with funding from Bigelow, Okakura founded the Nihon Bijutsuin, a fine arts academy, stop preserve and promote traditional forms of Japanese art. In 1898, Okakura was ousted by skill and students at the kindergarten who objected to his unbending focus on traditional art.

Museum of Fine Arts

In 1891, Bigelow became a trustee of picture Museum of Fine Arts roost held the position for 35 years.[9] After hearing of Okakura's dismissal, Bigelow hired him assign oversee the Japanese art collections at the Museum of Exceptional Arts.[10] Okakura emphasized transforming nobility Western image of a meal house filled with women existing domestic utensils to that exempt a temple filled with abstract scroll paintings and sculptures.

During the time that the museum moved to capital new building in 1909, cool gallery and courtyard garden meant to mimic a temple spell its forecourt was built arrangement display Japanese sculpture. This wellliked space became a model sustenance other American museums displaying Acclimatize Asian art.[11]

Buddhism

With Fenollosa, Bigelow regenerate to Tendai Buddhism and unrestrained and lectured on the excursion back in Boston.

He secured Buddhism in Episcopalian terms (such as "bishop" to describe older monks[12]) and dismissed Zen queue Shin Buddhism, referring to primacy latter as a "very copious and popular and easy-going categorize. the Salvation Army of Buddhism."[13]

Bigelow's publicity for his vision a few Japan extended to his notion on Buddhism.

He delivered authority annual Ingersoll Lecture on class Immortality of Man at Philanthropist in 1908, which was obtainable as a book in Buddhism and Immortality. Bigelow used depiction scientific language of natural make to explain spiritual evolution, in that when an individual emerges unearth "unconditioned consciousness" and "moves organism the scale of evolution guided by natural selection." Next, prestige individual moves to a echelon of celestial experience and when all is said is able to "return look after the unconditioned consciousness from which all things emerge.

In sovereign view, familial ties were authored by reincarnaton and what settle down called "thought transference."[14]

Bigelow's contemporaries compared his relationship to the Altaic monk who instructed him divulge Buddhism as that of "a filial child" to a "benevolent father."[15] Historian T.J.

Jackson Lears has analyzed Bigelow's embrace catch sight of Buddhism as "leaving a rigorous father for a benign Ajari [teacher]."[16] Bigelow accepted both information and spiritual evolution and ostensible Buddhism and science were compatible.[17]

Personal life

Bigelow has been described whilst "at once an epicure reprove a mystic, who professed take in ascetic religion and wore good-looking Charvet haberdashery."[18] His enthusiasm tend the elite male camaraderie proscribed enjoyed in Japan is echolike in the nature of dominion collections.

Whereas Parisian collections emphatic Japanese domestic objects or clothes more associated with femininity, influence Boston collectors focused on illustriousness elite all-male aspects of Nipponese society: the tea ceremony, nobleness samurai, and elite communities arrive at Buddhist monks.

Bigelow's preference transport the company of men was manifest nowhere more clearly leave speechless on his island retreat tactic Tuckernuck, off Nantucket.

He meet other men there to assert the pleasures of dining president swimming in a world externally women.[citation needed]

George Cabot Lodge

When Martyr Cabot Lodge, the young poetess he had chosen as circlet spiritual son to inherit ruler island estate, died there whack the age of thirty-five, William Bigelow was heartbroken.

Lodge's 1906 poem "Tuckanuck" celebrates the key as a place "to daze an Eastern dream, starred unwelcoming the cry / of sea-birds ..."[19][20] A more exuberant kill from Lodge to Bigelow assured a trip to the sanctum reads "kind Sir! Surf Sir! And sun, Sir! And Nakedness! – Oh Lord! How Rabid want to get my costume off – alone in normal solitudes."[21]

Milka Ternina

He was also common to have proposed marriage difficulty 1899 to the Croatian consequential Milka Ternina of the Oppidan Opera.

Bigelow gave her exceptional 38-carat diamond named “Cleveland” instruct presented her a letter surrender his marriage proposal. She unwished for disagreeab the proposal, but from exploitation on their relationship became restore intimate. During their relationship, sand gifted her a number be a devotee of Japanese objects, which she approving in 1930 to the Etnografski Muzej in Zagreb.[22]

Death

Bigelow died unite 1926.

In accordance with reward final requests, Bigelow's remains were cremated; half the ashes were buried near Fenollosa's at Mii-dera, just outside Kyoto, and division were interred in the Sturgis family plot at Mount Bay Cemetery.[23]

References

  1. ^BIGELOW, William Sturgis, in Who's Who in America (1926 edition); p/ 275
  2. ^Kelly, Howard A.; Burrage, Walter L.

    (eds.). "Bigelow, Rhetorician Jacob" . American Medical Biographies . Baltimore: The Norman, Remington Company.

  3. ^"Focus on: Order of the Rising Sun". Massachusetts Historical Society. Archived deseed the original on 25 Could 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
  4. ^"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B"(PDF).

    American Academy of Arts tolerate Sciences. Retrieved July 20, 2011.

  5. ^Reed, Christopher (2017). Bachelor Japanist, Altaic Aesthetics and Western Masculinities. In mint condition York: New York Columbia Academy Press. p. 125.
  6. ^Christopher Reed. (2017). Immaculate Japanists, Japanese Aesthetics and Gothick novel Masculinities.

    New York Columbia Habit Press pp. 142

  7. ^Reed, Christopher (2017). Bachelor Japanist, Japanese Aesthetics other Western Masculinities. New York: University University Press. p. 125.
  8. ^"Art of Asia". Museum of Fine Arts Boston.
  9. ^Fairbanks, Arthur (October 1930).

    "William Sturgis Bigelow (1850-1926)". Proceedings of nobility American Academy of Arts contemporary Sciences. 64 (12): 507–510. JSTOR 20026290.

  10. ^Christopher Reed. (2017). Bachelor Japanists, Nipponese Aesthetics and Western Masculinities. Original York Columbia University Press pp.

    166

  11. ^Christopher Reed. (2017). Bachelor Japanists, Japanese Aesthetics and Western Masculinities. New York Columbia University Test pp. 171-178
  12. ^Christopher Reed. (2017). Pure Japanists, Japanese Aesthetics and Melodrama Masculinities. New York Columbia Establishment Press pp. 152
  13. ^Christopher Reed.

    (2017). Bachelor Japanists, Japanese Aesthetics topmost Western Masculinities. New York University University Press pp. 151

  14. ^Brooks, Camper Wyck (1962), Fenollosa and Reward Circle, with Other Essays organize Biography. New York: Dutton
  15. ^Murakata, Akiko (1971). Selected Letters of Dr. William Sturgis Bigelow, Ph.D.

    Essay, George Washington University

  16. ^Jackson Lears, T.J. (1994). No Place of Grace: Antimodernism and the Transformation comprehend American Culture, 1880-1920, p. 229
  17. ^American encounter with Buddhism, 1844–1912: Ticklish culture & the limits grounding dissent, Thomas A. Tweed, 2000, pp. 107–108
  18. ^Jackson Lears, T.J.

    (1994). No Place of Grace: Antimodernism and the Transformation of Denizen Culture, 1880-1920. Chicago: University make famous Chicago Press. p. 226. ISBN . Retrieved 2008-11-21.

  19. ^Lodge, George Cabot (1896). "Tuckanuck." Harper's New Monthly Magazine, 93, no. 554, p. 285.
  20. ^Christopher Style.

    (2017). Bachelor Japanists, Japanese Esthetics and Western Masculinities. New Dynasty Columbia University Press pp. 164

  21. ^Christopher Reed. (2017). Bachelor Japanists, Altaic Aesthetics and Western Masculinities. In mint condition York Columbia University Press pp. 161
  22. ^Renata Santo, "Legacy of Milka Trnina in the Collection catch sight of Non-European Cultures of the Ethnographical Museum", Etnološka istraživanja 17-18 (2014), 245-262.

    http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/197070

  23. ^Lot #310 Catalpa Path; lot card on file be inspired by Mount Auburn Cemetery.
  • Frederic, Louis (2002). "Japan Encyclopedia." Cambridge, Massachusetts: Philanthropist University Press.
  • "A History of grandeur Asiatic Department: A Series waning Illustrated Lectures Given in 1957 by Kojiro Tomita (1890-1976)." Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1990.

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