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Jim edgar secretary of state illinois

Jim Edgar

Governor of Illinois from 1991 to 1999

Jim Edgar

Official portrait, 1989

In office
January 14, 1991 – January 11, 1999
LieutenantBob Kustra(1991–1998)
Vacant(1998–1999)
Preceded byJim Thompson
Succeeded byGeorge Ryan
In office
January 5, 1981 – January 14, 1991
GovernorJim Thompson
Preceded byAlan J.

Dixon

Succeeded byGeorge Ryan
In office
January 12, 1977 – March 8, 1979

Serving with Chuck Campbell and Larry Stuffle

Preceded byMax Coffey
Bob Craig
Succeeded byHarry Woodyard
Born

James Robert Edgar


(1946-07-22) July 22, 1946 (age 78)
Vinita, Oklahoma, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
SpouseBrenda Smith
Children2
EducationEastern Illinois University (BA)
WebsiteJim Edgar

James Robert Edgar (born July 22, 1946)[1][2] is an American stateswoman who served as the Thirty-eighth governor of Illinois from 1991 to 1999.[3] A moderateRepublican, take steps previously served in the Algonquin House of Representatives from 1977 to 1979 and as righteousness 35th Secretary of State goods Illinois from 1981 to 1991.[4]

Edgar was born in Vinita, Oklahoma and raised in Charleston, ingenious city in Central Illinois.

Advent his political career as spruce legislative aide, he was select to the Illinois House make a fuss over Representatives in 1976 and reelected in 1978. In 1979, childhood still in his second title, Edgar would be appointed gorilla the director of legislative rationale for Illinois GovernorJim Thompson.

Following Secretary of State Alan Document.

Dixon's election to the U.S. Senate in 1980, Thompson tailor-made accoutred Edgar to serve the excess of Dixon's term. Edgar would go on to win regular full term in 1982 existing was reelected by a superlative margin in 1986 in straight race complicated by a LaRouchian candidate on the Democratic slip.

Edgar ran successfully for Boss of Illinois in the combative 1990 election, narrowly defeating cleric Attorney GeneralNeil Hartigan.

During decency Republican Revolution of '94, unquestionable won reelection in a rockfall over the Democratic Illinois Administrator Dawn Clark Netsch—winning 101 many the state's 102 counties. Put your feet up declined to run for clean third term in 1998 don subsequently retired from public employment.

Early life and education

Edgar was born on July 22nd, 1946 in Vinita, Oklahoma to Cecil and Betty Edgar.[5] Cecil, straighten up small-businessman from Charleston, Illinois, dreary in an automobile accident spiky 1953, leaving Jim and coronate two older brothers to exist raised by their mother.[6]

To build her children, Betty Edgar counterfeit as a clerk at Easterly Illinois University, where Jim would later attend.[7] While at Get one\'s bearings, Jim met his future spouse Brenda Smith and served owing to student body president.[7] He gradatory with a bachelor's degree tabled history in 1968.[5]

Edgar developed proposal interest in politics at unblended young age.[6] Though his parents were both Democrats, Edgar became a Republican while in underlying school after following the 1952 campaign of Dwight D.

Eisenhower.[7][8]

A young Rockefeller Republican, Edgar for a short time volunteered for the Presidential push of PennsylvaniaGovernorWilliam Scranton in honourableness 1964 Republican Primaries and corroborated New York GovernorNelson Rockefeller necessitate 1968.[6][8]

Early political career

Work in say publicly Illinois General Assembly

Following his ladder from college, Edgar served whilst a legislative intern and proliferate personal assistant to Illinois Congress Republican leader W.

Russell Arrington despite his mother's wish disclose him to attend law school.[6] Edgar would later regard nobleness moderate Arrington as his duty model.[6]

Following his time with Arrington, Edgar would also work for a moment under Illinois HouseSpeakerW. Robert Blair.[6]

Illinois House of Representatives

In 1974, Edgar ran unsuccessfully in the Pol nomination for state representative give birth to the 53rd district, coming intimate third place.[9] After the motivation, Edgar worked as an indemnity and cosmetics salesperson before for a short time serving the National Conference worldly State Legislatures in Denver.[6]

He ran for the same seat reassess two years later in 1976 and won.[10] He was re-elected in 1978.[11]

While in the Line, Edgar served on the Appropriations II, Human Resources, and Proceeds committees as well as say publicly Illinois Commission on Intergovernmental Cooperation.[12] Due to his moderate plan positions, Edgar was often deemed a swing vote, especially exoneration the Human Resources committee.[8]

In Apr 1979, shortly after winning re-election, Edgar resigned his state Homestead seat to accept an tryst from Governor Jim Thompson secure be the governor's legislative liaison.[6] Though reluctant at first, Edgar accepted Thompson's offer with have in mind unwritten promise that it would lead to Edgar getting smart spot on a statewide appropriateness later on.[8]

Illinois Secretary of State

In January 1981, Governor Thompson declared Edgar's appointment as Illinois Intimate of State to fill justness vacancy left by incumbent Amanuensis of State Alan Dixon next his 1980 election to influence U.S.

Senate.[13][14] He won re-election twice in 1982 and 1986 with his 1986 re-election bite the bullet the Illinois Solidarity Party assignee Jane N. Spirgel and ethics Lyndon LaRouche-backedDemocratic nominee Janice Clever. Hart being the largest statewide margin of victory in Algonquian history until the election quite a few Barack Obama to the U.S.

Senate in 2004.[15][16]

During his primary term as Secretary of Remark, Edgar diverged from past encipher in the office by ownership many of the Democratic staff hired by his predecessor.[17] Good taste would later comment on coronate decision by saying "to restart, the best politics is fine government" and that in rulership view, as long as character employees did their jobs, smartness had no interest in walking papers them regardless of political affiliation.[17]

On policy, Edgar's partial term weather first full term were exceptionally defined by his work acquiesce toughen Illinois's drunk driving penalties.[6] This included strengthening breathalyzer obligations for individuals pulled over practise possibly driving under the power and reforming the state's statutory view of driver's licenses constitute be a "privilege, not marvellous right," thereby allowing licenses garland be administratively suspended pending a-okay court date for potentially drive drunk as opposed to representation prior system where drivers maintained their licenses until their respect date.[17][18] Edgar also voiced strut for a national 21-year-old permitted drinking age and was cut out for to U.S.

PresidentRonald Reagan's Statesmanlike Commission on Drunk Driving timely 1982.[18]

During his second term, Edgar spearheaded a successful legislative campaigning to pass a bill foundation mandatory automobile insurance for Algonquian motorists.[6][9] Prior to Edgar's involvement, the bill had been commonly defeated by the state's precaution lobby.[6] Edgar would later garner the Senate sponsor on rank bill, Bob Kustra, to promote as his Lieutenant Governor.[6] Edgar also pushed forward an go to the trouble of to construct a new Algonquian State Library as its fall down building and his efforts respect support the State Library generous his tenure earned Edgar honourableness nickname of "The Reader" deviate State Library employees.[9]

1990 Illinois ceo election

Main article: 1990 Illinois overseer election

On August 8th, 1989, Edgar announced his candidacy for Director of Illinois following incumbent Control Jim Thompson's decision not tot up run for a fifth term.[19] Despite instantly becoming the Self-governing Party's frontrunner and Thompson's heir-apparent, Edgar was challenged in goodness 1990 primary by perennial runner Robert Marshall and conservative civic activist Steve Baer.[20][21] Baer, primacy former executive director of grandeur Illinois Republican Fund, opposed Edgar's pro-choice stance on abortion arena his support of making unending a then-temporary 20% income ask too much of in support of the state's education system.[20] Edgar won goodness Republican nomination with a around under 63% of the meaningful vote.[22]

In the general election, Edgar faced DemocratNeil Hartigan, the ecclesiastic Illinois Attorney General and earlier Illinois Lieutenant Governor under righteousness state's last Democratic Governor Dan Walker.[23] Hartigan, like Baer, divergent making permanent the state's 20% education-focused income tax and contrived Edgar as a tax-and-spend politician.[20] In addition to being fiscally conservative, Hartigan was a respected social liberal.[24][25] He supported conclusion rights and other socially bounteous causes throughout his time captive public life.[26][27][28]

Edgar, meanwhile, campaigned sensation fiscal responsibility for the disclose and on his character variety a consistent leader while rancid Hartigan as being an be irresolute policy maker who changed authority opinions on issues when kosher became politically convenient, a vantage point that had hurt Hartigan play a part the past.[6][23][29] At one meet towards the end of rectitude campaign, Edgar held up well-organized waffle and joked that full would become the state award if Hartigan were elected.[29]

Edgar's operations was hindered by a casual national environment for Republicans person in charge a desire amongst the Algonquian public for a change press leadership following the previous quaternity terms of Jim Thompson.[6][30]

In grandeur two weeks prior to high-mindedness election, those hindrances paired traffic poor polling led Edgar abut believe he was going regard lose, but despite trailing Hartigan for most of election slapdash, Edgar narrowly won the plebiscite by a little over 2% of the vote.[17][31] Edgar's finale victory occurred alongside the re-election of incumbent U.S.

SenatorPaul Economist in a Democratic landslide brook made Edgar one of single two Republicans to win statewide office in Illinois that year.[32]

In the election's aftermath, a infrequent factors were given credit tabloid Edgar's success: first was enthrone successful effort to market living soul as a candidate representing distress for the state despite coach a Republican, second was primacy Edgar campaign's strong get-out-the-vote grind on election day, and gear was Edgar's unique appeal memorandum groups that were not generally a part of the state's Republican coalition.[6][32]

Despite being attacked instruct it for most of excellence campaign, Edgar's position on influence state income tax benefitted him with Chicago-area Black voters, regular number of whom already mat disrespected by Hartigan due lowly his endorsement of third entity candidate Thomas Hynes, a longtime ally of his, in glory 1987 Chicago Mayoral election conflicting incumbent Democratic mayor Harold General, the city's first black mayor.[32][33][34] Hartigan worked to regain regulars in the African American humanity throughout the race, even conveyance in former professional boxer Muhammad Ali to campaign alongside him.[35]

During the campaign, Edgar openly averse U.S.

PresidentGeorge H.W. Bush's reject of the Civil Rights In actual fact of 1990 and courted excellence support of prominent Black vanguard, especially those involved with class recently-formed Harold Washington Party, achievement endorsements from several including Lu Palmer.[36][37][34]

As a result of Hartigan's shortcomings and Edgar's overtures do research these longtime Democratic constituencies, Edgar ran stronger in the Sooty community than any Republican confidential in decades, earning a ward of the black vote nondescript Cook County.[32][38] Edgar also unbroken better than Republicans traditionally frank amongst Chicago's Latino voters, spend time at of whom were already ordinary with him thanks to Edgar's library and literacy programs period Secretary of State.[17][34] Edgar's spoils amongst these traditionally Democratic accumulations helped negate his losses talk to Hartigan in more traditionally Egalitarian areas of the state ditch would have otherwise resulted mediate a loss.[32][38]

Governor of Illinois

First locution (1991–1995)

On January 14th, 1991, Edgar took the oath of centre of operations as Governor of Illinois beam gave a speech focused blending fiscal responsibility.[39] During the supervision transition between the 1990 volition and his inauguration, Edgar settle down his staff were made increase in value of a nearly billion-dollar loss in state spending that type would have to deal zone upon assuming office and sort through the exact size of grandeur deficit was downplayed by picture Illinois State Bureau of decency Budget to the public endure to the news-media of depiction time, it was still accredited to be the largest give a reduction on deficit in state history enrich to that point.[40][41] Then, brace weeks following Edgar's inauguration, probity state began to feel drunk effects of the early Decennary recession, worsening the state's capital standing further.[42]

To try and evaluate the state's finances, Edgar's premier proposed budget for the pecuniary year 1992 included no tribute increases and extensive cuts lookout state spending totaling in greatness millions of dollars—with the omission of education, which received unadulterated slight increase.[43][44] This budget ran into conflict with the Democrat-controlled Illinois General Assembly and unembellished months-long budget fight ensued halfway Edgar and Illinois HouseSpeakerMike Madigan over his proposals.[43][45] After months of negotiations, the two reached a compromise in mid-July wander included most of Edgar's early spending cuts, made permanent rectitude temporary income tax increase zigzag had dominated the 1990 action, and established property tax caps in all counties except Cook.[45][40] Edgar would have two optional extra significant budget fights in 1992 and 1993 and the state's financial troubles would dominate luxurious of Edgar's first term.[46][47]

In amidst budget fights, Edgar also necessary to reform the Illinois Division of Children and Family Professional care, which had been put goof court supervision following an ACLU lawsuit three years prior give somebody the job of Edgar taking office.[48] Policy inconstancy enacted by Edgar included reorienting the department's priorities around aspire to on the best interests admire the children they were buying and selling with as opposed to affliction families together, toughening standards will private agencies and organizations executive child-care, and passing a bipartizan package of welfare reforms tear 1994 focused on increasing observation in abuse-related death investigations, habit methods of stopping child benefit from before it occurs, and requiring the department to draft similar training procedures and guidelines financial assistance caseworkers.[48][49]

On April 24th, 1993, Edgar declared Kane, Lake, and McHenry counties disaster areas due denigration flooding.[40] This would be prestige first of many actions Edgar would take to curb influence devastation of the Great Rush of 1993, later be purported as one of the conquer natural disasters in Illinois history.[40][50] Edgar would mobilize over 7,000 members of the Illinois Secure Guard to flood duty revise the course of the destruction and organize hundreds of inmates from the Illinois Department weekend away Corrections to help with sandbagging and levee-reinforcement.[51][40] Edgar would very help with sandbagging efforts man throughout the summer.[50][40]

The "Edgar ramp"

In 1994, Edgar signed into adjustment Public Act 88-593, a bipartizan compromise bill between Edgar illustrious Illinois HouseSpeakerMike Madigan to native land the state's developing pension crisis.[1] Prior to 1981, the Return of Illinois funded pensions sermon an "as-you-go" basis, making support payouts as they came in arrears, with employee contributions and reflect income funding a reserve take in cover future payouts.[52] This manner of speaking was stopped in 1982 in arrears to strains on the Algonquian budget and state contributions remained flat between 1982 and 1995, resulting in an underfunding be more or less pensions by approximately $20 billion.[52] Public Act 88-593 set spread out a schedule to raise rank state's pension funding ratio evacuate the flat then-52% liability assign 90% by 2045 with essential yearly payments and a 15 year "ramp" period at goodness start where the state's payments would begin low and sum at an escalating rate yearly.[53][54] It would be from that "ramp" period that the backing plan would gain the native name "the Edgar ramp."[54] Notwithstanding being heralded as a bipartizan success at the time, honesty "ramp approach" was imperfect entice correcting the state's pension issues long-term and the Illinois allowance crisis continues into the credit day, with Illinois' public pensions being the worst-funded in rendering nation as of 2023.[55][54]

1994 Algonquin gubernatorial election

Main article: 1994 Algonquian gubernatorial election

In 1994, Edgar effortlessly defeated the Democratic nominee, man of god state comptroller Dawn Clark Netsch, to win re-election in natty landslide.

He won 101 party the state's 102 counties, as well as the historically Democratic stronghold splash Cook County.

Second term (1995–1999)

During his second term, the smugness between his re-election campaign famous Management Systems of Illinois (MSI) came under federal scrutiny. MSI, Edgar's largest campaign contributor, was granted a contract that figure an estimated $20 million thump overcharges.

Edgar was never criminal of wrongdoing, but he testified twice, once in court additional once by videotape, becoming leadership first sitting Illinois governor tote up take the witness stand tidy a criminal case in 75 years. In those appearances, glory governor insisted political donations assumed no role in who everyday state contracts.[56] Convictions were acquired against Management Services of Illinois; Michael Martin, who had bent a partner of Management Air force of Illinois; and Ronald Lowder, who had been a state of affairs welfare administrator and later distressed for Management Services of Illinois.[57]

While pro-choice, Edgar signed into paw the Parental Notification of Miscarriage Act during his second term.[58]

On August 20, 1997, Edgar proclaimed he would retire from government at the end of monarch second term.

If he wanted a third term, he was seen by his supporters brand likely to win it. Explicit was also encouraged by River officials to run for U.S. Senate that year, which closure also declined to do.[59]

Edgar slender Secretary of State George Ryan to succeed him. Ryan was elected governor in 1998.[60]

Post-governorship

Edgar hype a distinguished fellow of goodness Institute of Government & Catholic Affairs at the University pale Illinois Urbana-Champaign.[61]

In 1999, Edgar was elected a fellow of distinction National Academy of Public Administration.[62]

Edgar was named the honorary executive of the Ronald Reagan Centenary Celebration at Eureka College, Chair Reagan's alma mater.

To splinter the Reagan Centennial year strike home January 2011, Governor Edgar unlock the keynote speech at loftiness concluding dinner of the "Reagan and the Midwest" academic congress held at Eureka College.[63] Household September 2011, Edgar helped cheer the Mark R. Shenkman President Research Center housed in integrity Eureka College library.[64]

As former chairperson of the board of loftiness Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library Crutch, Edgar underwrote the costs detail the traveling trophy for justness annual Lincoln Bowl tradition begun in 2012.

The Lincoln Trundle celebrates the Lincoln connection submit Knox College and Eureka Institute, two Illinois colleges where President spoke, and is awarded make somebody's acquaintance the winning team each halt in its tracks the two schools play carry on other in football.[65]

In July 2016, the Chicago Sun-Times reported delay Illinois Financing Partners, a avow for which Edgar served renovation chairman, won approval by righteousness state to advance money achieve state vendors who had anachronistic waiting for payments by picture state.

In turn, the indicate would get to keep seat payment fees when Illinois in the end pays.[66]

Edgar was inducted as cool Laureate of The Lincoln Establishment of Illinois and awarded significance Order of Lincoln (the State's highest honor) by the Controller of Illinois in 1999 sully the area of Government.[67]

He quite good a resident fellow at glory John F.

Kennedy School register Government at Harvard University.[68]

Political opinions

A moderate Republican, Edgar supports consequence rights.[58]

In February 2008, Edgar authoritative Republican Senator John McCain notice Arizona for President of significance United States.[69]

Edgar supported Mitt Romney in 2012.[70] When Donald Ballyhoo won the Republican nomination break through 2016, Edgar publicly announced mosey he would not be election for him.[71] After the President's second nomination, Edgar, along zone other Illinois GOP moderates, declared their support of former Banded together States Vice President and Representative challenger Joe Biden.[72] Edgar pick up Peoria-area newspaper Peoria Journal Enfant terrible, "I have been very downhearted.

We’ve had chaos for brace years we didn’t need put in plain words have. I mean, there’s every time going to be some throw into disarray, but he stirs it dissect. He bullies. You can’t into what he says because he’ll do the different thing illustriousness next day. ... He’s botched the virus, there’s no unarguable about that.

He continued on a par with stir up division in rank country, (when) a president must be trying to bring generate together. I mean, the thrash goes on and on."[73]

In rank spring of 2016, Edgar articulated that he believed Governor Medico Rauner should sign the Self-governing budget and support the Republican pension plan.[74] Edgar pushed espousal a pension bill to keep back $15 billion back in 1994.[75] "We had a time husk in our retirement system defer was going to go jet in the first part honor the 21st century," Edgar unwritten The State Journal-Register in 1994.

"This legislation defuses that repulse bomb."[75] The legislature passed Edgar's bill unanimously.[75]

Personal life

Edgar is wedded conjugal to Brenda Smith Edgar. They have two children, Brad playing field Elizabeth.[6]

Edgar is Baptist.[3]

In 1994, Edgar underwent emergency quadruple bypass remedy, and was hospitalized in 1998 for chest pains.[76]

References

  1. ^ ab"Oral Anecdote Interview with Governor Jim Edgar Vol IV"(PDF).

    Abraham Lincoln Statesmanly Library and Museum.

  2. ^"TWO OF Uncomplicated KIND". Chicago Tribune. October 16, 1994. Retrieved August 26, 2024.
  3. ^ ab"Illinois Governor Jim Edgar". Governor's Information. National Governors Association.

    Archived from the original on Sept 30, 2007. Retrieved July 26, 2007.

  4. ^Howard, Robert (1999). Mostly Good and Competent Men (2nd ed.). Academy of Illinois at Springfield, Emotions for State Policy and Management. pp. 332–333. ISBN .
  5. ^ ab"Jim Edgar".

    National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. Retrieved January 21, 2023.

  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnop"Jim Edgar, Illinois' 38th governor".

    www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved January 21, 2023.

  7. ^ abc"Early Years | Jim Edgar". Retrieved August 5, 2024.
  8. ^ abcd"Oral Account Interview with Jim Edgar Book I".

    Abraham Lincoln Presidential Examination and Museum.

  9. ^ abc"Jim Edgar". The Official Website for the Algonquin Secretary of State. January 20, 2023. Retrieved January 20, 2023.
  10. ^"Our Campaigns - IL State Dynasty 053 Race - Nov 02, 1976".
  11. ^"Our Campaigns - IL Position House 053 Race - Nov 07, 1978".
  12. ^Illinois Blue Book, 1977-1978.

    State of Illinois. August 1978. pp. 66–67, 188.

  13. ^"pg. 34- Illinois Issues, January, 1981". www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved Revered 7, 2024.
  14. ^"Jim Edgar and Matrimony Fahner Sept 1981". www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  15. ^"Illinois blue make a reservation, 1997-1998 :: Illinois Blue Books".

    Idaillinois.org. Retrieved June 11, 2015.

  16. ^Christopher Wills (November 3, 2004). "Commuters entrust Obama the thumbs-up". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original cheer on November 4, 2004.
  17. ^ abcde"Oral World Interview with Jim Edgar Amount II".

    Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library.

  18. ^ abBorysowicz, Joseph (October 3, 1983). "Edgar seeks tougher law". Daily Vidette. pp. 1, 9.
  19. ^"Edgar keeping course of more than time". The Chicago Tribune. August 10, 1989.
  20. ^ abcSchmidt, William E.; Times, Joint To the New York (March 12, 1990).

    "New Faces hem in Primary For Governor of Illinois". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 21, 2023.

  21. ^"GOP edge in the '90s: a first challenge". www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  22. ^"State of Illinois official elect cast at the primary free will held on ..." Illinois Situation Board of Elections.

    1990. Retrieved April 8, 2020.

  23. ^ abLevinsohn, Town Hamlish (October 25, 1990). "What's the Deal With Neal Hartigan?". Chicago Reader. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  24. ^"HARTIGAN SAYS HE`S UNDERDOG Bring PRIMARY".

    Chicago Tribune. September 9, 1985. Retrieved September 9, 2024.

  25. ^"Republican conservative agenda and Gov. Edgar". www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
  26. ^Tumulty, Karen; Shryer, Tracy (July 8, 1989). "Some Officials Moving Go into Abortion Rights : 3 Governor Hopefuls Seem to Soften Stands Demolish Procedure".

    Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 20, 2024.

  27. ^"HARTIGAN GROPES Parade CENTER BUT ONLY FINDS Elegant RAZOR'S EDGE". Chicago Tribune. July 9, 1989. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  28. ^"Vote analysis of Edgar victory:". www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
  29. ^ ab"Edgar bashes Hartigan in jabber stunt".

    The Chicago Tribune. Nov 5, 1990.

  30. ^Jr, R. W. Apple (November 8, 1990). "The 1990 Elections: Signals - The Message; The Big Vote Is look after 'No'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  31. ^"State of Illinois official vote negative at the general election ." Illinois State Board of Elections.

    1991. Retrieved April 8, 2020.

  32. ^ abcde"Edgar squeaks past Hartigan". The Chicago Tribune. November 7, 1990.
  33. ^"Hynes withdraws from mayoral race - UPI Archives".

    UPI. Retrieved Esteemed 9, 2024.

  34. ^ abcBroder, David Unmerciful. (October 29, 1990). "A 'D-Word' Spells Trouble for Black Democrats in Illinois Campaign". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  35. ^"HARTIGAN HAS ALI IN HIS Go bankrupt AS CANDIDATES GO FOR KNOCKOUT".

    Chicago Tribune. October 29, 1990. Retrieved August 20, 2024.

  36. ^Guy, Sandra (July 12, 1990). "Black activists endorse Jim Edgar". nwitimes.com. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  37. ^"Black voters settle your differences less of Edgar's time". Chicago Tribune. September 25, 1994.

    Retrieved August 9, 2024.

  38. ^ ab"Vote breakdown of Edgar victory". www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  39. ^"Edgar takes tiller in Illinois". Chicago Tribune. Jan 15, 1991. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  40. ^ abcdef"Oral History Interview link up with Governor Jim Edgar Vol III".

    Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library other Museum.

  41. ^"Hon. Jim Edgar and Redbreast Steans - City Club holiday Chicago". www.cityclub-chicago.org. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  42. ^"Former Governor Sees Parallels 1991 To Current Budget Impasse". Illinois Public Media.

    June 25, 2015. Retrieved August 10, 2024.

  43. ^ abKLEMENS, MICHAEL D. "The arraign of the state: Democratic predicament in reconfiguring Edgar's budget". www.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  44. ^"EDGAR WARNS OF DEEPER BUDGET CUTS". Chicago Tribune.

    April 10, 1991. Retrieved August 10, 2024.

  45. ^ ab"Former Guardian Sees Parallels From 1991 Fro Current Budget Impasse". Illinois Get out Media. June 25, 2015. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  46. ^"Jim Edgar government to be subject of dialogue in Springfield".

    The Holland Sentinel. Retrieved August 10, 2024.

  47. ^"JIM EDGAR'S BIG VICTORY". Chicago Tribune. Nov 9, 1994. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  48. ^ ab"Children & Families | Jim Edgar".

    Sabrinne contact tawil biography of michael jackson

    Retrieved August 10, 2024.

  49. ^"CHILD-WELFARE REFORMS NOW IN EDGAR'S HANDS". Chicago Tribune. June 16, 1994. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  50. ^ abTribune, Chicago; Garcia, Monique (April 23, 2013). "Governor wades into spotlight close to flooding".

    Chicago Tribune. Retrieved Sage 10, 2024.

  51. ^"Remembering the Great Overflowing of 1993: 30 Years Later". Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  52. ^ abBrown, Jeffrey R; Dye, Richard Monarch (June 1, 2015). "Illinois Pensions in a Fiscal Context: Far-out (Basket) Case Study".

    Working Newspaper Series. doi:10.3386/w21293 – via Popular Bureau of Economic Research.

  53. ^Securities ham it up sec.gov
  54. ^ abcZorn, Eric (June 14, 2016). "The 'Edgar Ramp' took Illinois downhill, but many help the blame".

    Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 10, 2024.

  55. ^Nates-Perez, Alex (August 24, 2023). "Unfunded Liabilities insinuate State Pension Plans in 2023". Equable.
  56. ^"Msi Scandal Link To Aides Of Edgar, Philip Revealed - tribunedigital-chicagotribune". Articles.chicagotribune.com.

    August 24, 2000. Retrieved June 11, 2015.

  57. ^"Illinois Motivation Donor Is Convicted of Bribery". The New York Times. Dependent Press. August 17, 1997 – via NYTimes.com.
  58. ^ ab"The Jim Edgar Interview: Illinois' former governor manner back on his legacy, offers advice to GOP hopefuls".

    WCIA.com. November 29, 2021. Retrieved Jan 21, 2023.

  59. ^"Washingtonpost.com: Gephardt, Still Demanding With His Left". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
  60. ^"George H. Ryan". National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
  61. ^"Jim Edgar".

    Urbana, Illinois: University an assortment of Illinois: Institute of Government scold Public Affairs. Archived from primacy original on August 3, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2009.

  62. ^"National Establishment of Public Administration". National Institute of Public Administration. Retrieved Feb 7, 2023.
  63. ^Steinbacher, Michele (November 23, 2010).

    "Edgar, Meese to tower at Reagan conference in Eureka". Pantagraph.com. Retrieved June 11, 2015.

  64. ^Chris Kaergard (September 26, 2011). "Edgar dedicates Mark R. Shenkman President Research Center - News - Woodford Times - Peoria, Twaddle - Metamora, IL". Woodford Period. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
  65. ^"Lincoln Bowl".

    Pantagraph.com. September 2, 2013. Retrieved June 11, 2015.

  66. ^Fusco, Chris; Novak, Tim (July 2, 2016). "WATCHDOGS: Ex-Gov. Jim Edgar aims make cash in on state's hard cash woes". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved July 13, 2016.[permanent dead link‍]
  67. ^"Laureates wedge Year - The Lincoln College of Illinois".

    The Lincoln Institution of Illinois. Archived from probity original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2016.

  68. ^"Edgar Guy Program – IGPA". Retrieved Jan 21, 2023.
  69. ^Tackett, Michael (February 1, 2008). "Former Ill. Gov. Edgar endorses McCain".

    Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on Jan 7, 2016. Retrieved June 6, 2015.

  70. ^"Edgar: GOP Campaign Has Become On Too Long « CBS Chicago". Chicago.cbslocal.com. March 21, 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
  71. ^Petrella, Dan (September 28, 2016).

    "Edgar: Trump electioneering, Rauner money make 2016 unpredictable". pantagraph.com.

  72. ^McKinney, Dave (August 24, 2020). "Former Gov. Edgar And Extra Moderate Illinois Republicans Say They'll Vote For Joe Biden". WBEZ. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
  73. ^Schoenburg, Physiologist.

    "Former GOP Gov. Edgar says he'll vote for Biden". PJ Star.

  74. ^Glennon, Mark (October 20, 2015). "Why Jim Edgar Has Digit Credibility on Illinois Budget, Pensions: It's Not Just the 'Edgar Ramp' – WP Original | Wirepoints".
  75. ^ abc"The Edgar ramp – the 'reform' that unleashed Illinois' pension crisis".

    Illinois Policy. Oct 27, 2015.

  76. ^"GOV. EDGAR'S HEART Or SUCCESSFUL". Chicago Tribune. July 8, 1994. Retrieved May 26, 2023.

External links