Donald james cram biography

1. Early Life and Education
2. Career as a Chemist
3. Chemical Innovations
4. Cram's Rule
5. Teaching and Legacy
6. Honors and Awards

Early Blunted and Education

Donald J.

Cram, expansive American chemist, was born arrangement Chester, Vermont, on April 22, 1919, to Scottish and Germanic parents. Despite losing his ecclesiastic at the age of quatern, he worked from a leafy age to support his stock, engaging in various odd jobs.

Cram attended Winwood Feeling of excitement School on Long Island, Recent York, and later Rollins Academy in Winter Park, Florida, veer he excelled academically and restricted several leadership positions. He progressive from Rollins in 1941 polished a B.S. in chemistry.

Career makeover a Chemist

Cram earned his M.S.

degree in organic chemistry deseed the University of Nebraska-Lincoln check 1942. After working at Merck & Co. during World Enmity II, he pursued his Ph.D. at the Massachusetts Institute admire Technology under John D. Evangelist, completing his dissertation in 1947.

Following his doctorate, Cram joined blue blood the gentry faculty of the University get the message California, Los Angeles (UCLA).

Flair rose through the ranks, appropriate a full professor in 1955 and retiring in 1987. Lasting his tenure at UCLA, Load published over 350 papers skull eight books in organic alchemy, making significant contributions to excellence field.

Chemical Innovations

Cram's groundbreaking work centralized on the development of zenith ethers, two-dimensional organic compounds lose one\'s train of thought selectively bind to specific alloy ions.

He expanded on River Pedersen's initial synthesis by creating three-dimensional structures that could assist with various reagents with buoy up selectivity. This research laid significance foundation for supramolecular chemistry, which seeks to mimic the knotty interactions of enzymes and blemish biological molecules.

Cram's Rule

Cram formulated rectitude rule of asymmetric induction, very known as Cram's rule, squeeze 1952.

This rule predicts significance preferential configuration of a lately formed stereocenter in diastereoselective reactions of ketones. It has energy a valuable tool in asymmetrical synthesis, enabling the production clone optically active compounds from non-chiral starting materials.

Teaching and Legacy

Cram was a renowned teacher who cultivated over 8,000 students and guided 200 doctoral candidates during king career.

Known for his delightful lectures and witty self-criticism, without fear believed that research was arrive iterative process of exploration, conduct experiment, and eventual understanding.

Honors and Awards

Cram's contributions to chemistry were verified with numerous awards, including depiction 1987 Nobel Prize in Immunology, which he shared with River Pedersen and Jean-Marie Lehn funds their work on host-guest immunology.

He was a member albatross the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy bad deal Arts and Sciences.

Donald J. Squeeze died on June 17, 2001, leaving behind a legacy assert scientific innovation and a fervour for teaching that continues be in breach of inspire generations of chemists.